Age 4,550 million years
Mass 5.976 x 1024 kg
Volume 1.083 x 1024 liters
mean Density 5,518 kg/lt
Total Surface Area 510 million sq.km
land Area 29.2% of the total surface area
Water Area 79.8% of the total surface area
Equatorial Diametre 12,755 km
Polar Diametre 12,712 km
Escape Velocity 11,2 km/sec
Highest Land Point Mount Everest (8,852 m)
Lowest land Point Dead Sea (396 m)
Greatest Ocean Depth Mariana Trench (11,035 m)
Equatorial Circumference 40,076 km
Polar Circumference 40,024 km
Mean Surface Temperature 14 C
Maximum distance from sun (Aphelion) About 152 million km
Maximum distance from sun (Perihelion) About 152 million km
Rotation Speed 23hrs, 56 min & 40.91 sec
Revolution Speed 365 days, 5 hrs & 45.51 sec.
dates when days & nights are equal Mar, 21 (Vernal Equinox); Sept, 23 (Autumnal Equinox)
dates of longest days and shortest nights June 21 (Summer Solstice); Dec, 22 (Winter Solstice)


WORLD : PHYSICALS FACTS

MAJOR SEAS
1. In decreasing order of size:
a. South China Sea
b. Caribbean Sea.
c. Mediterranean sea.

MAJOR RIVERS
1. Largest river is Amazon, although it is 222
km shorter than Nile (the longest river of
the world) . It is considered so because it is
navigable by deep sea steamers and has
the greatest flow of water.
2. III is Mississippi Missouri in USA.
MAJOR RIVERS OF THE WORLD

River origin falls in Length (Km.)
Nile Victoria lake Mediterranean Sea 6.650
Amazon Andes (Peru) Atlantic Ocean 6,429
Mississippi Missouri Itaska lake (USA) Gulf of Mexico (USA) 6,020
Yangtze Tibetan Kiang Plateau China Sea 5,494
Ob Altai Mts., Russia Gulf of Ob 5,410
Huang Ho Kunlun Mts. Gulf of Chibli 4,334
Yenisei Tannu-Ola Mts. Arctic Ocean 3,804
Congo Lualaba & Luapula rivers Atlantic Ocean 3,700
Nigar Guinea Gulf of Guinea 4,180
Mekong Tibetan highlands South China sea 4.180
Volga Voldal Plateau, Russia Capian sea 3,690
St. Lawrence lake Ontario Gulf of St. Lawrence 3,058
Brahmaputra lake Mansarovar Bay of Bengal 2,900
Indua Near lake Mansarovar Arabian sea 2,880

MAJOR LAKES OF THE WORLD
Largest Lake Caspian Sea Highest lake Lake Titicaca
Largest saline water lake Caspian Sea Deepest lake Lake Baikar
largest fresh water lake Lake Superior India’s largest lake Chilka lake

IMPORTANT LAKES OF THE WORLD
Lake Location Area (Sq.Km)
Caspian Russia and CIS 371000
Superior Canada and USA 82414
Victoria Tanzania (Africa) 69485
Huron Canada and USA 59596
Michigan USA 58016
Tanganyika Africa 32892
Baikal Russia (CIS) 31502
Great Bear Canada 31080
Aral Russia (CIS) 30700
Great Slave Canada 28438

CONTINENTS OF THE WORLD

Continents Area (Sq. Km.) Continents Area (Sq. Km.)
Asia 41667920 Antarctica 14245000
Africa 29800540 Europe 9699550
North America 24320000 Australia 7687120
South America 17599050
OCEANS OF THE WORLD
Names Area (Sq. Km.) Greatest Depth
Pacific 166,240000 Mariana Trench
Atlantic 86,560000 Puerto Rico Trench
Indian 73430000 Java Trench
Arctic 132300000 -

MAJOR MOUNTAIN PEAKS OF THE WORLD
Mountain peaks Location Heights (m) Mountain peaks Location Heights (m)
Everest Nepal 8,852 Cho Oyu Nepal 8,153
k2 (Godwin Austin) India 8,611 Nanga Parbat India 8,126
Kanchanjanga India 8,598 Hidden Peak India 8,068
Makalu Nepal-China 8,481 Annapurna Nepal 8,078
Dhaulagirl Nepal 8,172 Nandadevi India 7,813

IMPORTANT DESERTS

Sahara N. Africa (Includes the Libyan and the Nubian Desert)
Australian Australia (Includes Gibson. Simpson, Victorian, Great Sandy)
Arabian Arab Countries (Includes Rub’al Khali & An-Nafas of S.Arabia and Dast-e-Lut
& Dast-e-Kavir of Iran)
Kalahari Africa (mainly in Botswana)
Gobi Mongolia
Atacama central Chile
Patagonian Argentina
Namib Namibia
Takla Makan Sinkiang, China
karakum Turkmenistan
Sonoran Arizona and California (USA)
Thar India

MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES OF THE WORLD
Range Location Length (Km)
Andes South America 7,200
Himalayas-Karakoram-Hindukush South Central Asia 5,000
Rockies North America 4,800
Great Dividing Range East Australia 3,600
Atlas North West Africa 1,930
western Ghats Western India 1.610
Caucasus Europe 1,200
Alaska USA 1,130
Alps Europe 1,050

ISLANDS
1. In decreasing order of size : Greenland, New Guinea, Borneo, Madagaskar, Baffin,etc.
2. largest river island is Majuli (Assam).
Most populated island is java (Indonesia).
largest island of India is Middle Andaman.
SMALLEST AND BIGGEST COUNTRIES
Biggest Nations Biggest Nations Smallest Nations Smallest Nations
(Area-Wise) (Population-Wise) (Area-Wise) (Population-Wise)
Russia China Vatican City Vatican City
Canada India Monaco Tuvalu
China USA Nauru Nauru
USA Indonesia Tuvalu Palau
Brazil Brazil San Marino San Marino
Australia Pakistan Liechtenstein Monaco
India Russia Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis
kazakhastan Japan Maldives Antigua and Barbados
Sudan Nigeria Malta Dominica

WORLD’S GEOGRAPHICAL SURNAMES
Surname Name Surname Name
Bengal’s sorrow Damodar River Key to the Mediterranean Gibralter
Blue Mountains Nilgiri Hills Land of Cakes Scotland
City of Sky-scrapers New York Land of Golden Fleece Australia
City of Seven Hills Rome Land of Maple Leal Canada
City of dreaming Spires Oxford Land of Morning Calm Korea
City of Palaces Kolkata Land of Midnight Sun Norway
City of Golden San Francisco Land of Thousand Lakes Finland
City of magnificent Washington D.C. Land of Thunderbolt Bhutan
Buildings
City of Eternal Springs Quito (S. America) Land of While Elephant Thailand
China’s Sorrow Hwang Ho Land of Five Rivers Punjab
Cockpit of Europe Belgium Land of Thousand Elephants Laos
dark Continent Africa Land of Rising sun Japan
Emerald isle lreland Loneliest Island Tristan De Gunha
(Mid-Atlantic)
Eternal City Rome Manchester of Japan Osaka
Empire City New York Pillars of Hercules Strait of Gibraltar
Forbidden City Lhasa (Tibet) Peart of the Antilles Cuba
Garden City Chicago Playground Europe Switzerland
Gate of Tears Strait of Quaker City Philadelphia
Bab-el- Mandeb
Gateway of India Mumbai Queen of the Adriatic Venice
Gift of the Nile Egypt Roof of the World The Pamirs, Central
Asia
Granite City Aberdeen (Scotland) Rose Pink City japan
Hermit Kingdom Korea Sugar bowl of the world Cuba
Herring Pond Atlantic Ocean Venice of the North Stockholm
Holy Land Jerusalem Windy City Chicago
Island Continent Australia Whiterman’s grave Guinea Coast of
Africa
Island of Cloves Zanzibar Yellow River Huang Ho (China)
Isle of Pearls Bahrein (Persian Gulf)

BIGGEST, HIGHEST, LARGEST, LONGEST IN THE WORLD
Animal, Tallest Giraffe
Animal, Tallest Giraffe
Archipelago, Largest Indonesia
Bird, Fastest Swift
Bird, Largest Ostrich
Bird, Smallest Humming Bird
Bridge, Longest Railway Huey P. Long Bridge, Louisiana (U.S.A)
Building, tallest in the world Teipei 101, Taiwan
canal, Longest Irrigational The Kalakumsky canal
Canal, Highest Suez canal
capital, Highest La Paz (Bolivia)
City, Biggest in area Mount Isa (Australia)
City, Largest in population Tokyo
City, Costliest Tokyo
City, Highest Van Chuan (China)
Continent, Largest Asia
Continent, Smallest Australia
Country, Biggest (area) Russia
Country, largest (population) China
Country, largest (electorate) India
Creature. Largest Blue whale
Delta, Largest Sunderban (Bangladesh & India)
Desert, Largest (World) Sahara (Africa)
Desert, Largest (Asia) Gobi
Dam, Largest Grand Coulee dam (U.S.A.)
Dam, Highest Hoover Dam (U.S.A.)
Diamond, Largest The Cullinan
Dome. Largest Astrodome, In Housten (U.S.A.)
Epic, Largest Mahabharat
Irrigation Scheme, Largest Lloyd barrage, Sukkhur (Pakistan)
Island, Largest Greenland
sea, Largest Mediterranean sea
Lake, Deepest Baikal (Siberia)
Lake, Largest (Artificial) lake Mead (Boulder Dam)
lake, Highest Titicaca (Bolivia)
Lake, Largest (Fresh water) Superior
Lake, Largest (Salt water) Caspian
Library, Largest United States Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
Mountain Peak, Highest Everest (Nepal)
Mountain range, Longest Andes (S.America)
Museum, Largest British Museum, London
Ocean, Largest Pacific
Palace, Biggest Vatican (Italy)
park, Largest Yellow Stone National Park (U.S.A.)
Peninsula, largest Arabia
Place, Coldest (Habitated) Verkhoyansk (Siberia)
Place, Dryest Iqique (In Atacama Desert, Chile)
Place, Hottest Azizia (Libya, Africa)
Place, Rainiest Mausinram (Meghalaya, India)
Planet, Biggest Jupiter
Planet, Brightest Venus
Planet, Smallest Pluto
Plateau, Highest Pamir (Tibet)
Platform, Longest Kharagpur (India)
Railway, Longest Trans-Siberian railway
Railway Station Largest Grand central Terminal, Chicago (U.S.A.)
River, Longest Nile (Africa)
River, Largest Amazon (S. America)
Sea-bird, Largest Albatross
Star, Brightest Sirius
Statue, Tallest Statue of Motherland, Volgagard (Russia)
Telescope, Largest Radio New Mexico (U.S.A.)
Tramway, World’s first New York
Tunnel, Longest (Railway) Tanna (Japan)
Tunnel, Longest (road) Mont Blanc Tunnel between France and Italy
Volcano, Highest Ojos del Saiado (Andes, Ecuador)
Volcano. Most Active Maunaloa (Hawail-U.S.A.)
Wall Longest Great wall of China
Waterfall, Highest Angle (Venezuela)
Water, Lowest body Dead sea
Zoo, Largest Kruger national Park, South Africa
CHIEF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS
Rice China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh
Wheat China, India. USA. France
Maize USA, China, Brazil, Mexico
Oilseeds Brazil, China, Argentina, India
Tea India, China, Sri Lanka
Cotton China, USA, India. Pakistan
Rubber Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, India
Coffee Brazil, Columbia
Coarse Grain USA, China, India, Romania
WORLD MINERAL PRODUCTION
Iron Ore China, Brazil, Australia
Copper Ore Chili, USA, Indonesia.
Tin China, Indonesia, Peru
Lead Australia. USA, China
Zinc China, Australia, Canada
Manganese China, South Africa, Gabon
Aluminium USA, Russia, China
Cement China, USA, India
Petroleum Saudi Arabia, Russia, USA
Natural Gas Russia, USA, Canada
Silver Mexico, Peru, USA
Coal China, USA, Australia.
IMPORTANT INDUSTRIES OF THE WORLD
Cotton USA, China, India
Iron and Steel USA, Japan, Germany
Automobile USA, Japan
Aircraft USA,, UK
Shipbuilding japan, USA, South Korea
IMPORTANT BOUNDARIES
Durand Line Pakistan & Afghanistan
MacMohan Line India& China
Radcliff Line India & Pakistan
Maginot Line France & Germany

Oder Niesse Line Germany & Poland
Hindenberg Line Poland & Germany (at the time of World War)
38” Parallel North & South Korea
49” Parallel USA & Canada


INDIAN GEOGRAPHY

AREA AND BOUNDARIES
1. India stretches 3,214 km from N to S & 2.933 km from E to W.
2. Area: 32,87,263 sq. km. Accounts fro 2.4% of the total world area and 16% of
the population.
3. Mainland India has a coastline of 6,100 km. Including the Lakshadweep
and Andaman and Nicobar, the coastline measures about 7516.6 km.
4. In India, of the total land mass: Plains: 43.3%, Plateaus: 27.7%, Hills:
18.6%, Mtns: 10.7%
5. In the South, on the eastern side, the Gulf of Mannar & the Palk Strait
separate India from Sri Lanka.
6. Total Land neighbours: 7 (Pakistan, Afghanistan, China Nepal, Bhutan,
Bangladesh and Myanmar)
7. Indian’s Island include the Andaman & Nicobar Island in Bay of Bengal &
Lakshadweep,Minicoy & Amindive Island in the Arabian Sea.
LOCATION
1. Lying between latitude 8 4’ N to 37 6’ N and from longitude 68 7E to 97 25’E, the
country is divided into almost equal parts by the Tropic of cancer (passing from
Jabalpur in MP).
2. The southernmost point in India territory, (in Great Nicobar Island) in the
Indian Point (6 45’), white kanyakumari, also know as Cape Comorin, is the
southernmost point of Indian mainland. The country thus lies wholly in the
northern and eastern hemispheres,
3. the 82 30’ E longitude is taken as the standard Time meridian of India, as
it passes through the middle of India (from Naini, near Allahabad).
FACTS ABOUT POSITION OF STATES OF INDIA
1. Uttar Pradesh borders maximum number of states- 8 (Eight): Uttaranchal,
Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, MP, Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand and
Bihar.
2. Tropic of cancer passes through 8 (Eigth) states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP.
Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal. Tripura and Mizoram.
3. Indian Standard Meridian (82 30’ E meridian) passes through UP, MP,
Chhatisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.


INDIA IN TABLES

INDIAN STATES ON INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES
Bordering Pakistan Jammu and kashmir, Punjab,Rajestan, Gujarat.
Bordering China Jammu and kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Sikkim, Arunachal
Pradesh.
Bordering Nepal Bihar, Uttaranchal, UP, Sikkim, West Bengal.
Bordering Bangladesh West Bengal, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura, Assam.
Bordering Bhutan West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam.
Bordering Myanmar Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram.
Bordering Afghanistan Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan-occupies area).

IMPORTANT RIVERS OF INDIA
Name Origin from Falls into length (km)
Ganges Combined Sources Bay of Bengal 2525
Satluj Mansarover Rakas Lakes Chenab 1050
Indus Near Mansarover lakes Arabian Sea 2880
Ravi Kullu Hills near Rohtang Pass Chenab 720
Beas Near Rohtang Pass Satluj 470
Jhelum Verinag in Kashmir Chenab 725
Yamuna Yamunori Ganga 1375
Chambal M.P. Yamuna 1050
Ghagra Matsatung Glacier Ganga 1080
Kosi Near Gosain Dham Peak Ganga 730
Betwa Vindhyanchal Yamuna 480
Son Amarkantak Ganga 780
Brahmaputra Near Mansarover Lake Bay of Bengal 2900
Narmada Amarkantak Gulf of Khambat 1057
Tapti Betul Distt, in M.P. Gult of Khambal 724
Mahanadi Raipur Distt. in Chhatisgarh Bay of Bengal 858
Luni Aravallis Ranna of Kuchchh 450
Ghaggar Himalayas Near Fatehabad 494
Sabarmati Aravallis Gulf of Khambat 416
Krishna Western Ghats Bay of Bengal 1327
Godavari Nasik distt, in Maharashtra Bay to Bengal 1465
Cauvery Brahmagir range of Western Ghata Bay of Bengal 805
Tungabhadra Western Ghats Krishna river 640

MAJOR PORTS IN INDIA
Western Coast Eastern Coast
kandla (child of partition) Kolkata-Haldia (riverine port)
Mumbai (busiest and biggest) Paradip (exports raw iron to Japan)
Jawahar Lal Nehru (fastest growing) Vishakhapatnam (deepest port)
Marmugao (naval base also) Chennai (oldest and artificial)
Mangalore (exports Kudremukh iron-ore) Ennore (most modern-in private hands)
Cochin (natural harbour) Tuticorin (southernmost)
NATIONAL PARKS AND WILD LIFE SANCTUARIES
Gir Forests Home of Asiatic lion. In Gujarat
kaziranga Sanctuary One horned rhino. In Assam
Manas Sanctuary One horned rhino. In Assam
Chandraprabha sanctuary II home of Asiatic lion. In UP
Ghana or Keoladeo Bird sanctuary In Bharatpur, Rajasthan
Dachigam Sanctuary For Hangul. In Kashmir
Kanha National Park In Uttaranchal Home of tiger
Shiv Puri National Park In MP
Hararibagh National Park In MP
Periyar Game sanctuary In Kerala
Dudhwa National sanctuary In TN
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary In TN
Nokrek national Park In Meghalaya
Sariska Sanctuary In Rajasthan
Ranthambhor National Park In Rajasthan
Namdapha national Park In Arunachal Pradesh
Keibul Lamjo Floating National Park In Manipur
Palamau Tiger Project In Bihar
Simlipal national Park In Orissa
Ranganthitto Bird Sanctuary In Mysore, karnataka
Nagarhole National park In Karnataka
Mudumalai Sanctuary In TN
Balpakram Sanctuary In Meghalaya
Bandipur Sanctuary Along the Karnataka- Tamil Nadu border
Jaldapara Sanctuary In West Bengal, For rhinos
Wild Ass Sanctuary In Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, For wild ass.

There are 92 National Parks and 492 Wildlife sanctuaries in India.
IMPORTANT CROPS OF INDIA
Rice West Bengal, Punjab, UP
Wheat UP, Punjab, Haryana
Maize Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, karnataka
Bajra Rajasthan, Gujarat, UP
Jowar Maharashtra, Karnataka, MP, AP
TOTAL COARSE CEREALS Maharashtra, Karnataka, UP
TOTAL PULSES MP, UP, Maharashtra
TOTAL FOOD GRAINS UP, Punjab, West Bengal
Groundnut Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh
Rapeseed And Mustard Rajasthan, UP, Haryana
Soyabean Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra
Sunflower Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra
TOTAL OIL SEEDS MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan
Sugarcane UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka
Cotton Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh
oJute and Mesta WB, Bihar, Assam
Tea Assam, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh
Cffee Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Rubber Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
Silk Karnataka, Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh. In India all 4
varieties of silk are available: Mulberry, tussar, erl and muga.
Mulberry is the main variety, while tussar is mainly found in Bihar.
Tobacco Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, karnataka
NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS

Tarapur In Maharashtra-India’s oldest and biggest
Kalpakkam In Tamil Nadu, called Indira Gandhi Nuclear Power Station
Rawatbhata In Kota, Rajasthan
Narora In Uttar Pradesh
Kaiga In Karnataka
kakrapara In Gujarat
Kudankulam In Tamil Nadu, under construction with the assistance of Russia.
IMPORTANT RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS
Bhakra Nagal Project On Sutlaj in Punjab, Highest in India, Ht 226 m. reservoir is called
Gobind Sagar lake.
Mandi Project On Beas in HP.
Chambal Valley Project On Chambal in MP & Rajasthan. 3 dams are there.
Gandhi Sagar Dam, Rana Pratap Sagar Dam and Jawahar Sagar Dam
Damodar Valley Project On Damodar in Bihar, Based on Tennessee Valley Project, USA.
Hirakud Project On Mahanadi in Orissa. World’s longest dam: 4801 m
Rihand Project On Son in Mirzapur. Reservoir is called Govind Vallabh Pant reservoir.
Kosi Project On Kosi in N. Bihar.
Mayurkashi Project On Mayurkashi in WB.
Kakrapara Project On Tapi in Gujarat.
Nizamsagar Project On Manjra in Ap.
Nagarjuna Sagar Project On Krishna in AP
Tungabhadra Project On Tungahadra in Ap & karnataka.
Shivasamudram Project On Cauvery in karnataka. It is the oldest river valley project of India.
Tata Hydel Scheme On Bhima in Maharashtra
Sharavathi Hydel Project On Jog Falls in karnataka
Kundha & Periyar Project In TN.
Farakka Project On Ganga in WB. Apart from power and irrigation it help to remove
silt for easy navigation.
Ukai Project On Tapti in Gujarat.
Mahi Project On Mahi in Gujarat.
Salal Project On Chenab in J&K.
Mata Tila Multipurpose Project On Betwa in UP & MP.
Thein Project On Ravi, Punjab.
Pong Dam On Beas, Punjab.
Tehri Project On Bhgirathi, Uttaranchal
Sardar Sarovar Project On Narmada, Gujarat/MP.

RAILWAY ZONES
Railway Zones Head Quarters
1.Central Mumbai VT
2. Eastern Kolkata
3. Northern New Delhi
4. North Eastern Gorakhpur
5. North-East Frontier Maligaon-Guwahati
6. Southern Chennai
7. South Cebtral Secunderabad
8. South Eastern Kolkata
9. Western Mumbai Churchgate
10. East Coast Bhubaneshwar
11. East Central Hajipur
12. North Central Allahabad
13. North western Jaipur
15. west central Jabalpur
16. SouthEast Central Bilaspur
IMPORTANT NATIONAL HIGHWAYS
National Highway Connects
Nh1 New Delhi-Ambala-Jalandhar-Amritsar.
Nh2 Delhi-Mathuta-Agra-Kanpur-Allahabad-Varanasi-Kolkata.
Nh3 Agra-Gwalior-Nasik-Mumbai
Nh4 Thane and Chennai via Pune and Belgaun.
Nh5 Kolkata-Chennai
Nh6 Kolkata-Dhule
NH7 
 Varanasi-Kanyakumari
NH8 Delhi-Mumbai (Via Jaipur, Baroda and Ahmedabad)

NH9 
 Mumbai-Vijaywada
Nh10 Delhi-Fazilka
NH-7 is the longest highway of India.
NICK NAMES OF IMPORTANT INDIAN PLACES
Nick Name Place Nick Name Place
Golden city Amritsar Sorrow of Bengal Damodar river
Manchester of India Ahmedabad Sorrow of Bihar Kosi river
City of seven islands Mumbai Blue Mountains Nilgiri
Queen of Arabian sea Cochin Queen of the Mountains Mussoorie (Uttaranchal)
Space city Bangalore Sacred river Ganga
garden City of India Bangalore Hollywood of India Mumbai
Silicon valley of India Bangalore city of Castles Kolkata
Electronic city of India Bangalore State of five rivers Punjab
Pink city Jaipur City of weavers Panipat
gateway of India Mumbai city of lakes Srinagar
Twin city Hyderabad- Steel city of India Jamshedpur (Called
Sikandarahab Tatanagar)
City of festivals Madural City of temples Varanasi
Deccan Queen Pune
City of buildings kolkata Manchester of the north Kanpur
Dakshin Ganga Godavari City of Rallies New Delhi
Old Ganga Godavari heaven of India Jammu & kashmir
Egg bowls of Asia Andhra Pradesh Boston of India Ahmedabad
Soya region Madhya Pradesh Garden of spices of India Kerala
Manchester of the South Coimbator Switzerland of India Kasmir
City of Nawabs Lucknow Abode of the God Prayag (Allahabad)
Venice of the east Cochin Pittsburg of India Jamshedpur

IMPORTANT INDIAN TOWNS ON RIVERS
Town River Town River
Allahabad Ar the confluence of the Kota Chambal
Ganga and Yamuna
Patna Ganga Jabalpur Narmada
Varanasi Ganga Panji Mandavi
Kanpur Ganga Ujjain kshipra
Hardwar Ganga Surat Tapti
Badrinath Alaknanda Jamshedpur Swarnarekha
Agra Yamuna Dibrugarh Brahmaputra
Delhi Yamuna Guwahati Brahmaputra
Mathura Yamuna Kolkata Hooghly
Ferozpur Satluj Sambalpur Mahanadi
Ludhiana Satluj Cuttack Mahanadi
Srinagar Jhelum Serirangapatnam Cauvery
Lucknow Gomti Hyderabad Musi
Jaunpur Gomti Nasik Godavari
Ayodhya Saryu Vijayvada Krishna
Bareilly Ram Ganga Curnool Tungabhadra
Ahmedabad Sabarmati Tiruchirapalli Cauvery

MINERAL RESOURCES OF INDIA
Coal West Bengal (Raniganj, Burdwan, Bankura, Purulia, Birbhum, Jalpaigudi, Darjeeling),
Jharkhand (Jharia, Giridih, Kharhawadi, Bokaro, Hazaribagh, karnapura, Rampur,
Palamau), Orisa (Rampur, Hindgir, Talcher, Sambhal), Madhya Pradesh and
Chhatisgarh (Rewa, Pench valley, Umaria, Korba, Sohagpur, Mand river area, Kanha
valley, Betul), etc. Power sector is the largest consumer of coal in India followed by steel
industry, cement industry, etc
Manganese Orissa, Maharashtra (Nagpur, Bhandara, Ratnagiri), Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat,
Chhindawara), karnataka (Keonjhar, Bonal Kalahandi), Andhra Pradesh (kadur Garibadi)
Copper Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat), Rajasthan (khetri), Jharkhand (Singhbhum, Masobani,
Surda), karnataka (Chitradurg, Hassan)
Mica Jharkhand (Hazaribagh, Giridih, Kodarma), Bihar (Gaya,Bhagalpur), Andhra Pradesh
(Guntur, Vizag, Kumool), Rajasthan (Bhilwara, Udaipur, Jaipur)
Petroleum Assam (Digboi, Naharkatiya, Badarpur, Masinpur and Pallharia), Gujarat (Ankleshwar,
Khambat, Kalol), Mumbai High, Bassein (south of Mumbai High), etc. Recently oil has
been discovered in Cauvery basin, Krishna and Godawari basin, Khambat basin, etc
Oil Refineries There are 18 refineries in India, 16 in public sector, one in joint sector and one in private
sector. Public sector refineries are located at Digboi, Guwahati, Mumbai (2), Panipat,
Narimanam, Mumanigarh and Tatipaka, Joint sector refinery is at Mangalore. The
private sector refinery of Reliance Limited is at Jamnagar.
Iron India possesses Haematite, a very high-grade iron ore. In Madhya Pradesh (Bailadila,

 Jabalpur), Goa (North Goa), karnataka (Bababudan hills, Chikmagalur, hospet),
Jharkhand (Singhbhum, Naomundi), Andhra Pradesh, Orisa. India is the fifth largest
exporter of iron ore I the world. Japan id the biggest buyer accounting for about 3/4 of
India’s total exports Major ports handling iron ore export are Vishakhapatnam, Paradip,
Marmagao and Mangalore
Bauxite Chief ore for producing aluminium. In Orissa (Kalahandi, Koraput, Sandargarh
Bolangir, Sambalpur), Jharkhand (Lohardaga. Gumla), Madhya Pradesh (Jabalpur,
Mandla, Shahol, Katni, Balaghat), Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu.
Gold Karnataka (Kolar, Hutti, Raichur), Andhra Pradesh (Ramgiri and Yeppamanna
goldfields in Chittor and Anantapur distrists)
Silver, Zinc Rajasthan (Zawar mines near Udaipur), Andhra Pradesh (Mysore, Chitradurg),
and Lead Karnataka (Kolar mines)
Uranium Jharkhand (Jaduguda), Rajasthan (Ajmer), Andhra Pradesh (Nellore, Nalgonda),
Karnataka (Gulbarga)
Thorium Kerala coast (from Monazite sand), rocks of Aravallis in Rajasthan.

LARGEST, LONGEST, HIGHEST AND SMALLEST IN INDIA

Longest river Ganges
The longest tributary river of India Yamuna
The longest river of the south Godavari
Highest mountain peak Godwin Austin (K 2)
Largest lake (Fresh water) Wular lake (Kashmir)
Highest Dam Bhakra Dam (Punjab)
Largest Mosque Jama masjid, Delhi
Longest Road Grand Trunk Road
state with longest coastline Gujarat
Longest railway route From Jammu to Kanya Kumari
Longest tunnel Jawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir)
Longest national highway NH-7 which runs from Varanasi to Kanyakumari
Longest Dam Hirakud Dam (Orissa)
Longest River Bridge Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna
Longest populated City Mumbai (1,60 crore)
Longest Museum National Museum, Kolkata
Longest Delta Sunderban Delta, W. Bengal
Longest Dome Gol Gumbaz, Bijapur (Karnataka)
Longest Zoo Zoological gardens, Alipur, Kolkata
Longest man-made Lake India Sagar (Narmda Valley Project)
Longest Desert Thar (Rajasthan)
Highest Tower Pitampura Tower, Delhi
Smallest State (Area) Goa
Smallest State (Population) Sikkim
Highest Waterfall Gersoppa waterfall (Karnataka)
Longest Electric railway line From Delhi to Kolkata via Patna
Densest populated State West Bengal
Longest cave temple Kailash temple, Ellora (Maharashtra)
Longest animal Fair Sonepue (Bihar)
Highest Gateway Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri (Agra)
Biggest Hotel Oberai-Sheraton (Mumbai)
Longest State (Area) Rajasthan
Longest State (Population) Uttar Pradesh
Place of heaviest rainfall Mausinram (Meghalaya)
Longest corridor Rameshwaram temple corridor (Tamil Nadu)
Longest cantilever span bridge Howrah Bridge (Kolkata)
Longest forest state M.P.
Highest straight gravity Dam Bhakra Dam
Longest Railway Platform Kharagpur (W. Bengal)
Longest Stadium Salt lake (Yuva Bharti), Kolkata
Longest Port Mumbai
Highest Lake Devatal (Garhwal)
Longest lake (Saline water) Chilka lake, Orissa
Highest Award Bharat Ratna
Highest gallantry Award Paramveer Chakra
Longest Gurudwara Golden Temple, Amritsar
Deepest river valley Bhagirathi & Alaknanda
State with longest coastline of South India Andhra Pradesh
Longest river which forms estuary Narmada
Longest church Saint Cathedral (Goa)
Longest Beach Marina Beach, Chennai
Highest battle field Siachin Glacier
Highest Airport leh (Laddakh)
Longest river island Majuli (Brahmaputra river, Assam)
Longest Planetarium Birla Planetarium (Kolkata)